Discovering American Past 7th Edition

Archives and past articles from the Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia Daily News, and Philly.com. COUPON: Rent Discovering the American Past A Look at the Evidence, Volume 2: Since 1865 7th edition (010) and save up to 80% on textbook rentals and 90% on used textbooks. Get FREE 7-day instant eTextbook access!

Download Hiace Service Manual Free there. This primary source reader in the popular DISCOVERING series contains a six-part pedagogical framework that guides readers through the process of historical inquiry and explanation. The text emphasizes historical study as interpretation rather than memorization of data. Each chapter is organized around the same pedagogical framework: The Problem, Background, The Method, The Evidence, Questions to Consider, and Epilogue. The Seventh Edition integrates new documents and revised coverage throughout. For example, the Reconstruction chapter, appearing in Volumes I and II, now explores Thomas Nast's political cartoons and their effect on public opinion.

Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs II: 50 Years of Research Tyringham Hall, Buckinghamshire, England June 6 – 8, 2017 In 1967, a landmark symposium entitled Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs was held in San Francisco, California. It was the first international, interdisciplinary group of specialists – from ethnobotanists to neuroscientists – who gathered in one place to share their findings on the use of psychoactive plants in indigenous societies. Follow-up meetings were intended to be held every ten years, but the War on Drugs intervened.On the 50th anniversary, an international group of specialists will gather again to share their perspectives on past, present, and future research in ethnopharmacology.ESPD50 is being organized by a team led by Dennis McKenna, Founder of Symbio Life Sciences, PBC.

Bio Summary Dennis McKenna's research has focused on the interdisciplinary study of Amazonian ethnopharmacology and plant hallucinogens. He has conducted ethnobotanical fieldwork in the Peruvian, Colombian, and Brasilian Amazon. His doctoral research (University of British Columbia,1984) focused on the ethnopharmacology of ayahuasca and oo-koo-he, two tryptamine-based hallucinogens used by indigenous peoples in the Northwest Amazon. He is a founding board member of the Heffter Research Institute, and was a key organizer and participant in the Hoasca Project, the first biomedical investigation of ayahuasca used by the UDV, a Brazilian religious group. He is the younger brother of Terence McKenna. He is currently Assistant Professor in the Center for Spirituality and Healing at the University of Minnesota.

'What a long, strange trip it’s been: Reflections on the Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs 1967-2017' Wed. June 7th 6.00 to 8.00 GMT Fifty years have passed since the first ESPD symposium was held in San Francisco in 1967. That seminal conference was intended to be the first in a regular series, but followup symposia were never held due to changing political and cultural circumstances. The symposia were not staged, but work in ethnopharmacology continued, and there have been significant discoveries made in the last 50 years.

This lecture will discuss some of the more significant ones, and will speculate as to the future of psycho-ethnopoharmacology in the coming decades. Bio Summary Dr. Mark Plotkin is a renowned ethnobotanist who has studied traditional indigenous plant use with elder shamans (traditional healers) of South America for much of the past 30 years.

His mentor was the late Richard Evans Schultes who organized the original ESPD conference.As an ethnobotanist—a scientist who studies how, and why, societies have come to use plants for different purposes—Dr. Plotkin carried out the majority of his research with the Trio Indians of southern Suriname, a small rainforest country in northeastern South America, but has also worked with shamans from Mexico to Brazil.Dr. Plotkin has a long history of work with other organizations to promote conservation and awareness of our natural world, having served as Research Associate in Ethnobotanical Conservation at the Botanical Museum of Harvard University; Director of Plant Conservation at the World Wildlife Fund; Vice President of Conservation International; and Research Associate at the Department of Botany of the Smithsonian Institution.

Plotkin is now President of the Amazon Conservation Team (ACT), a non-profit organization he co-founded with his fellow conservationist and wife, Liliana Madrigal in 1996, now enjoying over 20 years of successes dedicated to protecting the biological and cultural diversity of the Amazon.Dr. Plotkin has authored or co-authored many books and scientific publications, most notably his popular work Tales of a Shaman's Apprentice, which is currently in its fortieth printing and has also been published in Dutch, German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish.Dr. Plotkin’s critically acclaimed book, Medicine Quest: In Search of Nature’s Healing Secrets, was published in early 2000.

His book (coauthored with Michael Shnayerson), The Killers Within: The Deadly Rise of Drug-Resistant Bacteria, was published by Little, Brown in September of 2002. It was hailed as “One of the Top Ten Science Books of the Year” by Discover magazine. He is currently completing “The Amazon – What Everyone Needs To Know,” for Oxford University Press.In 1998, he played a leading role in the Academy Award-nominated IMAX film Amazon. Time Magazine hailed him as an environmental “Hero for the Planet” in 1999.In March 2008, Dr. Plotkin was awarded the Skoll Foundation’s prestigious Award for Social Entrepreneurship.Dr. Plotkin's TED Talk on the protection of the Amazon's uncontacted tribes has attracted well over a million views.

You can see the talk Dr. Plotkin was educated at Harvard, Yale and Tufts University. 'New Medicines from the Rainforest - Where are They?' June 7th 6.00 to 8.00 GMT The rainforests of the world have long been touted as Mother Nature’s Medicine Chest. If this is indeed the case, where are the wonder drugs we have been promised?This lecture presents an examination of the current state of affairs from an ethnobotanical perspective: are there “novel” therapeutic known to and employed by indigenous healers?

How were these wonder drugs found in the past? How are they being searched for today and - if not - why not?

How has the Intellectual Property Rights movement helped and hindered this search? How is acculturation and deforestation impacting this search? Are plants the most promising organisms, or are frogs, snakes and insects worthy of further investigation?In conclusion, what is to be done? 'Viva Schultes - A Personal Retrospective' Wed. Bio Summary Cultural Anthropologist Dr. Evgenia Fotiou is an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Kent State University and her research takes her to South America, her native Greece, and beyond.

She has a PhD in cultural anthropology and Latin American studies from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where she completed doctoral research on Amazonian shamanism in Peru and its transformation through globalization and the formation of transnational tourist networks. She is interested in health and healing in cross-cultural perspective and is currently completing a book on Amazonian sorcery while researching the revitalization of pre-Christian religion in modern Greece. She is on the board of directors for the Society of the Anthropology of Consciousness and the scientific committee of the International Society for the Academic Research on Shamanism. Fotiou is an expert in the anthropology of religion, shamanism, medical anthropology, Amazonian cultures and gender and teaches courses on these subjects. 'Plant use and shamanic dietas in contemporary Ayahuasca shamanism in Peru' Wed. June 7th 6.00 to 8.00 GMT Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic plant mixture used in a ceremonial context throughout Western Amazonia and its use has expanded globally in recent decades. As part of this expansion, ayahuasca has become popular among Westerners who travel to the Peruvian Amazon in increasing numbers to experience its reportedly healing and transformative effects.

In and around Iquitos, Peru, shamanism is reinvented as local shamanic practices converge with Western ideas of spirituality and healing and create a hybrid and highly dynamic practice, which I call shamanic tourism. I use this term because the experience often involves the participation to a shamanic dieta, which involves fasting and the ingestion of non-hallucinogenic plants. In addition, it is a common practice in this context to use a variety of plants for bodily and energetic cleansing in the form of purges and ritual baths. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork in and around the area of Iquitos, Peru, the epicenter of shamanic tourism, this paper will focus on some of the plants that curanderos and ayahuasqueros use in the area alongside ayahuasca and the ways these are perceived by healers and participants. I will show that the use of plants in this manner is intricately connected with Amazonian conceptions of the body. Bio Summary Snu Voogelbreinder is an amateur ethnobotanist based in Australia. He has been researching naturally-occurring psychoactive substances, consciousness and the nature of reality for nearly 30 years, and has a deep passion for the natural world and its conservation.

Snu has been published in the journal Eleusis, and in 2009 self-published the encyclopaedic volume Garden Of Eden – The Shamanic Use of Psychoactive Flora and Fauna, and the Study of Consciousness. Snu was also a contributor to The Manual of Psychedelic Support (2015). 'Psychoactive Acacia Spp. In Australia & Their Alkaloids' Wed. June 7th 6.00 to 8.00 GMT The genus Acacia in Australia is represented by hundreds of native species, and has been subject to a wide variety of uses by the indigenous people of that continent. This paper offers a historic overview of ethnobotanical uses of Australian Acacia spp.

That are suggestive of psychoactivity. Modern phytochemical investigation into the genus is discussed, including an overview of the large contributions made to this field by amateur researchers. Finally, a summary and discussion of the alkaloid content of Australian Acacia spp. Record Of Lodoss War Advent Of Cardiace Iso 9000 on this page. Is presented.

Bio Summary Christopher McCurdy, Ph.D., is a broadly trained medicinal chemist, behavioral pharmacologist and pharmacist whose research focuses on the design, synthesis and development of drugs to treat pain and drug abuse. For over 20 years, much of his research has focused on opioid, Neuropeptide FF and sigma receptor ligand/probe design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and development. He has been successful in discovering unique and selective tools for sigma receptors, NPFF receptors and opioid receptors. He is an internationally recognized expert on Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), that is under investigation for opioid withdrawal syndrome. A significant portion of his career has been dedicated to the development of novel sigma receptor ligands, in collaboration with a variety of interdisciplinary groups, to generate and optimize selective ligands which could serve as critical experimental tools, and more recently, as potential medication development leads to attenuate the effects of cocaine, methamphetamine and pain.

Most notably, he has developed a PET/MR imaging diagnostic agent for visualizing the origins of chronic, neuropathic pain by interacting with sigma receptors at the site of nerve damage. First-in-human studies are currently underway in a Phase 0 trial. In addition to his discovery chemistry roles, McCurdy serves as the director of the UF Translational Drug Development Core. McCurdy is currently President-Elect of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) and also serves as the Co-Chair of the Special Interest Group on Drug Design and Discovery (DDD) of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). 'Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) as a potential therapy for opioid dependance' Wed.

June 7th 6.00 to 8.00 GMT Mitragyna speciosa Korth (Rubiaceae) is a Southeast Asian tree whose leaves are the origin of the Thai traditional drug “Kratom”. The extract of this plant possesses unique pharmacological actions that include a coca-like stimulant as well opium-like depressant actions. Traditionally, the plant extract has been used as an opium substitute, and it has been clinically used in Thailand to wean addicts off opiates. More recently, human case reports have appeared in the literature from use in the United States (US) and the US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) has announced an intention to place Kratom into Schedule I. However, detailed pharmacological studies are lacking in animals to determine if Kratom or the major alkaloid, mitragynine, is able to attenuate the effects of opioid withdrawal and therefore medical potential.

This talk will provide a background on the ethnopharmacological basis we utilized to examine the ability of Kratom extracts or mitragynine, compared to methadone, in murine opioid withdrawal assays. A decoction of Kratom leaves was lyophilized to a light brown powder that was characterized based on mitragynine content and dosed to mice based on a survey of human users. Detailed analytical and pharmacokinetic studies provided information on equivalent dosing of the individual alkaloid, mitragynine, in order that the results could be directly compared to those given in the lyophilized Kratom groups. Lyophilized Kratom was dosed orally and significantly attenuated opioid withdrawal with regard to locomotor activity, jumping, paw tremors, teeth chattering but did not attenuate wet-dog shakes or loss in weight. Interestingly, mitragynine alone, administered orally, produced significant blockade of all withdrawal effects and did not effect weight. This data indicates that formulations of Kratom or mitragynine are worthy of further investigation as potential pharmacological treatments for opioid withdrawal. Bio Summary Dale Millard is a naturalist and biodiversity explorer, with diverse interests and experience in fields ranging from herpetology to ethnobotany.

He was curator at the Swadini Reptile Research institute for many years. His interest in the study of snake venoms for drug development later led to study of the chemistry and use of plant medicines. Dale has lived and travelled in Indonesia, Brazil and Southern African countries and has interviewed traditional healers in these areas as to their plant usage. His main interest relates to medicines that help modulate immune function in chronic illnesses such as HIV/AIDS and cancers. His work also explores cost effective and alternative approaches to tropical diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and typhoid. He has maintained a lifelong interest in the healing role of entheogens and continues to document their use in poorly explored regions of the world.

As an explorer, he is regularly exposed to “new” medicines and healing modalities. Dale has a special interest in the cultivation of medicinal plants and mushrooms and has taught numerous workshops relating to agro forestry and plant based primary healthcare.

He is an advocate and campaigner for organic agriculture and food safety and currently works as an ethnobotanical consultant. 'Broad spectrum roles of Harmine in Ayahuasca' Wed.

June 7th 6.00 to 8.00 GMT This presentation seeks to provide an overview from both past and current findings on harmine, demonstrating its antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, antidepressant, antiparasitic, DNA binding, osteogenic, neuroprotective as well as other lesser known effects. I will speculate that as harmine is by far the most abundant constituent of the medicine ayahuasca, its presence in pharmacologically active amounts may therefore provide some rationale for its contribution in ayahuasca’s wide application in traditional medicine and its general reputation for treating a broad range of disease and ailments.Some of the psychoactive and physiological roles of harmine have been known since Lewis published his paper on banisterine in 1928.

Harmine has now received the attention of the international scientific community, looking at a broad range of activities that have alluded to the possible application of harmine in several different areas of medicine. In more recent years studies have begun looking at both the endogenous and physiological roles of dimethyltryptamine. Similarly, beta-carbolines are found in various body tissues and fluids, thus a modulation type effect may be responsible for some of the claimed therapeutic properties.A major role of harmine in the synergistic effect of ayahuasca chemistry, is to function as a mono amino oxidase inhibitor for dimethyltryptamine, though as a single molecule on its own, harmine shows some potent and broad spectrum activities. The findings discussed may yet in future, also help offer hope in certain areas where conventional medicine may be challenged.

It is hoped that this overview may help researchers explore some of the hidden potentials of harmine as well as raise general awareness as to its possible therapeutic role in the medicine ayahuasca. Bio Summary Growing up in tropical Philippines, Jeanmaire “Jean” Molina has always been awed and inspired by its rich biodiversity. At 10, she was collecting bugs and flowers in her Barbie doll drawers. With dreams of becoming a NatGeo field biologist, she studied biology at the University of the Philippines.

After college, she worked for Conservation International-Philippines identifying trees in the remote forests of Palanan, Philippines. To Jean, there is nothing more exhilarating than being mesmerized by the teeming diversity of life amidst relentless competition and trying to understand the biology behind it. In 2003, after encouragement from her botany mentor, Leonard Co, Jean left for the US to pursue graduate studies at Rutgers University (New Jersey), where she worked and published on the systematics of the grape relative Leea for her PhD dissertation. In 2009 she started her postdoctoral training at New York University, eventually cowriting a paper on the first molecular evidence for the single evolutionary origin of Asian rice. Two years after, she joined the biology faculty of Long Island University (Brooklyn, New York), where she and coauthors reported on the unprecedented loss of the chloroplast genome in the parasitic plant, Rafflesia, prompting the provocative title 'When is a plant no longer a plant?' On a science news magazine.

With diverse research interests in plant systematics, community ecology, Rafflesia biology, and herbal medicine, Jean has been a research mentor to many female graduate students, and sees it is as her duty to be a role model to them, who may be daunted by the notion that family and passion in science are immiscible. She has developed and taught courses in ethnobotany and medicinal botany to encourage students to develop a renewed appreciation for plants for their vital and inextricable, yet often overlooked roles in human lives. Outside the classroom, Jean enjoys traveling and being a mother to her 5-year-old son, Derris, named after a poisonous plant, and who comes after his mother, already able to identify plants in their backyard. 'Phylogenetic analysis of traditional medicinal plants: discovering new drug sources from patterns of cultural convergence' Wed. June 7th 6.00 to 8.00 GMT Medicinal and psychoactive plants have long been used by different cultures worldwide, inspiring the development of modern pharmaceutical drugs including aspirin, digoxin, ephedrine, and morphine.

Phylogenetic investigation of these traditional plants along with their medicinal uses and psychoactive effects may shed light on which plant families are used similarly regardless of geographic origin, and may reveal patterns of cultural convergence. Information is assigned to the node, instead of one species at a time, facilitating the study of trait distributions. The confluence of various immigrant groups in New York City (NYC) make it accessible to survey and phylogenetically analyze medicinally important plants in Latin, African, Ayurvedic, Middle Eastern and Chinese cultures and their uses.

In a separate study, traditional psychoactive plants and their effects were also phylogenetically analyzed. In both cases, we find that certain plant families have a disproportionate number of medicinally useful and psychoactive species, with familial members repeatedly used for similar applications by different cultures from disparate parts of the world. Apiaceae, Burseraceae, Fabaceae, and Lamiaceae collectively show applications for gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and gynecological conditions among diverse immigrant cultures in NYC. Pharmacological traits related to hallucinogenic and sedative potential are also phylogenetically conserved within families such as Cactaceae and Papaveraceae, respectively, while unrelated families that exert similar psychoactive effects also affect similar neurotransmitter systems (i.e., mechanistic convergence), such as modulation of noradrenaline by unrelated stimulant species of Malvaceae and Rubiaceae. These patterns of cultural and mechanistic convergence among traditionally important medicinal and psychoactive plants suggest diverse cultures have independently discovered inherent bioactivity in these plant families and should be further explored in searching for new drug sources. These studies also demonstrate the predictive potential of phylogenetic analyses in uncovering new medicinal applications. Bio Summary Keeper Trout is an independent author, photographer & scholar with a passionate interest in ethnobotany.

He is author of the Trout’s Notes series of reference works, a number of smaller papers and served as technical editor for the Entheogen Review during Jon Hanna’s term of editorship.Keeper Trout has also been an active part of Cactus Conservation Institute since its foundation in 2004; participating in their ground-breaking and long-needed field work concerning Lophophora williamsii and its future. He has also been contributing activity supporting their interests by working as their photographer and as their webmaster. More recently Keeper Trout has become a part of the exciting Shulgin Archives project serving as director of the digital archives with our long term goal being the creation of a public portal into that important body of references and research.Keeper Trout lives in the forests of Mendocino County in northern California with his partner. 'Mescal, peyote and the red bean; a peculiar conceptual collision in early modern ethnobotany.' June 7th 6.00 to 8.00 GMT During the late 19th and early 20th century, an unlikely blurring of several ethnobotanicals occurred; leaving in its wake a lasting legacy of confusion tangled with the efforts to eradicate indigenous cultures and replace them with a body of productive Christian farmers. An effort to unravel the origins of that confusion lead to a remarkable look at the collision of those plants with Western religious ideology fueled by wild and reckless use of public media by prohibitionists to deliberately shape public opinions and influence national policy by stimulating the appearance of proscriptive legislations against peyote. This activity first occurred on the reservations and then was nationally coordinated by reform-oriented organizations to gain legislation at both the state and federal levels.

Much of our modern era of the 'drug war' and the federal regulatory machinery appeared during this era as a direct result of religious ideology becoming enshrined by law following the third “Great Awakening”. That event stimulated a worldwide prohibitionist effort obsessed with completely ridding the world of all intoxicants (from cocoa to coca and beyond) which played a curiously pivotal role in our topic.

In that discussion, we will also explore some persistent elements that have been carried over from those early years of modern drug prohibition in the process of transforming the imposition of religious ideaology into matters of secular public health and safety. Bio Summary Jean Francois Sobiecki, B.Sc. (UJ), Dipl Clin Nutr. Bio Summary Kenneth Alper, M.D.

Is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology at the New York University School of Medicine. Alper has studied ibogaine from the perspective medical ethnography, working with Howard Lotsof, the originator of the use of ibogaine in the treatment of substance use disorders, accessing the geographically and clinically diverse “medical subculture” to yield systematic observation on ibogaine in heroin detoxification, and quantitative and descriptive overview of the global settings of ibogaine use. That work continues with a recent study on prospective follow-up of drug use outcomes following detoxification. Alper edited the only English language scientific text on ibogaine with Stanley Glick and Geoffrey Cordell. From the perspective of neuropharmacology, Dr. Alper’s collaborations have indicated that the mechanism of action is novel and distinct from that of the opioid receptor agonists that are the current conventional clinical standards of pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder.

His collaborations with the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner and the NYU Departments of Cardiology at NYU and Capital Medical University in Beijing are widely appreciated in the community of ibogaine treatment providers as informing the effort to develop safer treatment. 'The Ibogaine Project: Urban ethnomedicine for opioid use disorder' Wed. June 7th 6.00 to 8.00 GMT ibogaine may be viewed as a project of urban ethnomedicine that began in a native context of use-- heroin users in Brooklyn New York and Rotterdam, and has subsequently expanded as the for more than two decades with regard to numerical scale and geographic extent.

With a mechanism of action is unknown and apparently novel, ibogaine provides a paradigm for investigation of the neurobiology of addiction and a prototype for the development of fundamentally innovative pharmacotherapy. Ibogaine is an affirmative example of the importance and significance of ethnopharmacology for innovation in drug discovery. Evidence regarding structure-function relationships indicates that the ibogamine ring system that defines the iboga class of monoterpene indole alkaloids may be accurately regarded as a “privileged scaffold”, a structure of pharmacological significance on which systematic substitutions can be utilized to modulate toxic and therapeutic effects. Organizers Dr.

Dennis McKenna received his doctorate in Botanical Sciences from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver and is currently Assistant Professor in the Center for Spirituality and Healing at the University of Minnesota. He is also a founding board member of the Heffter Research Institute a non-profit organization dedicated to fostering research on the potential therapeutic applications of psychedelic medicines. Symbio is a catalyst for innovation, connecting conscious investors with life science ventures that can benefit individual and collective well-being. Its mission includes cutting edge biosciences research, educational conferences and therapeutic programs. The Tyringham Initiative is a world-class think-tank for the evolution, expansion and deeper understanding of ‘new-paradigm consciousness.’ Through a unique integration of Science, Art and Spirit, The Tyringham Initiative could be described as a ‘Mystery School for the New Renaissance’, becoming both the incubator and the propagator for the ideas that will enable humanity to confront the systemic challenges of the 21st century – from the ecological and social, to the economic, metaphysical and spiritual.

The Tyringham Initiative was founded by Anton Bilton and it is located in Buckinghamshire, UK. Synergetic Press is one of the leading independent publishers in the field of psychedelic and consciousness studies, with offices in Santa Fe, New Mexico and London, England. They have published paradigm-shifting texts for over thirty years. Their authors are leading thinkers, visionaries, and cultural creatives dedicated to building a sustainable planetary culture. Psymposia is an events group and digital magazine that focuses on the emerging social issues of psychedelic science, drug reform, & harm reduction, and their effect on society, law, & Medicine. We create collaborative projects that have positive social impact, network community, advance education, and change perceptions of plants, psychedelics, and psychoactives.

Sponsors Founded in 1986, the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit research and educational organization that develops medical, legal, and cultural contexts for people to benefit from the careful uses of psychedelics and marijuana. The Heffter Research Institute promotes research of the highest scientific quality with the classic hallucinogens and related compounds (sometimes called psychedelics) in order to contribute to a greater understanding of the mind, leading to the improvement of the human condition, and to alleviate suffering. The Beckley Foundation is a UK-based think-tank and UN-accredited NGO founded and directed by Amanda Feilding. The Foundation’s dual purpose is the scientific investigation of Consciousness and the creation of balanced drug policies. Since 1974, the Institute of Ecotechnics, a 501(c)(3) non-profit, has organized international conferences bringing together creative scientists, artists and thinkers to exploring the emerging frontiers in thinking and research in biospherics, the human experience, space exploration and technics.

The International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research & Service (ICEERS) is a philanthropic, tax-exempt non-profit organization (charity) dedicated to 1) the integration of ayahuasca, iboga and other traditional plants as therapeutic tools in modern society, and 2) the preservation of the indigenous cultures that have been using these plant species since antiquity on their habitat and botanical resources. Please follow us on.