Tranter Serial Numbers

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Opening theme ' by Country of origin United Kingdom Original language(s) English No. Of series 4 No. Of episodes 16 () Production Producer(s) Katie Swinden Running time 57 minutes Production company(s) Release Original network, Picture format () Original release 4 May 2010 ( 2010-05-04) – present ( present) External links Website Luther is a crime drama programme starring as the title character,. Written by, the first season, comprising six episodes, ran in May and June 2010.

A second season of four episodes aired on in June and July 2011. A third series was commissioned in 2012, comprising four episodes aired in July 2013. A two-episode fourth series was broadcast in December 2015. A fifth series has been announced with filming due to start in early 2018. Elba has received critical acclaim for the role of John Luther, and has been awarded a,,, and for his performance. The series has also received eleven nominations in various categories, including four nominations of Elba for. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Plot [ ] is a (DCI) working for the Serious Crime Unit in series one, and the new Serious and Serial Crime Unit in series two and three.

A dedicated police officer, Luther is obsessive, possessed, and sometimes violent. However, Luther has paid a heavy price for his dedication; he has never been able to prevent himself from being consumed by the darkness of the crimes with which he deals. For Luther, the job always comes first. His dedication is a curse and a blessing, both for him and those close to him.

Starting in late 1851 Tranter began producing both frames and complete revolvers for Adams, they were marked externally with Adam's trade mark and serial number without any suffix or with an 'R' suffix, and they were marked internally with 'WT' on one side of the hammer slot and a Tranter serial number on the other side.

In the very first episode of the series he investigates brilliant psychopath and murderer. Ultimately he is unable to arrest her due to lack of evidence, but as the programme progresses, she becomes both his nemesis and unlikely companion. As she pursues her infatuation with him, he gradually relents as he is able to glean insight from her about some of the cunning criminals he pursues. Cast and characters [ ]. Main article: Series Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 6 4 May 2010 ( 2010-05-04) 8 June 2010 ( 2010-06-08) 4 14 June 2011 ( 2011-06-14) 5 July 2011 ( 2011-07-05) 4 2 July 2013 ( 2013-07-02) 23 July 2013 ( 2013-07-23) 2 15 December 2015 ( 2015-12-15) 22 December 2015 ( 2015-12-22) Season 1 (2010) [ ] The of Luther aired in Summer 2010 and received positive reviews from critics, getting an average of 5.9 million viewers per episode.

[ ] Season 2 (2011) [ ] In August 2010, the BBC announced that it had commissioned a for 2011. Filming started in late September/early October 2010. Originally planned to be broadcast as two two-hour episodes, it was shown as four one-hour episodes. The first episode was shown on BBC One on 14 June 2011.

Season 3 (2013) [ ] In August 2011, the BBC One controller announced that a had been commissioned. Filming of the four-episode series started in November 2012. Was cast as Luther's new love interest. Other guest stars included and.

The third series began airing on 2 July 2013 and concluded on 23 July. Season 4 (2015) [ ] On 19 November 2014, it was announced that a two-episode special would be aired on the BBC in autumn 2015. Filming began in March 2015 and ended April 2015. BBC Home Entertainment later confirmed that the version of the Series 4 DVD would be released on 15 December 2015, coinciding with the air date of the fourth series.

On 24 October 2015, confirmed via their page that series 4 of Luther would air in December 2015 on BBC One. In November 2015, it was announced that Luther was confirmed to air in the United States on BBC America for a three-hour one-night event on 17 December 2015. The first episode of the fourth series aired on BBC One on 15 December 2015. Season 5 [ ] It was announced on 12 June 2017 that a fifth series comprising four episodes was due to start filming in early 2018. Production [ ] Inspiration [ ] Creator has said that Luther is influenced by both and; the nature of Luther's intellect and its application to solving crimes is comparable to Holmes', whereas the show's use of the format was inspired by Columbo. Filming [ ] The first series was filmed in and around London, England, and produced by., and each directed two episodes and show creator wrote all six of the episodes.

Leila Kirkpatrick was the line producer for the entire program and Katie Swinden was the producer for a number of episodes. Tim Fleming provided cinematography for two episodes.

Katie Weiland and Victoria Boydell were involved in film editing, with Weiland editing two episodes. Andy Morgan was responsible for the all casting, Paul Cross provided production design and Adam A.

Makin was behind the show's art direction. [ ] Locations [ ] The show is filmed in various locations around, and including the,, (),,, and. Future [ ] In 2011, Idris Elba expressed his enthusiasm for making a of the show, saying, 'That's where the ultimate Luther story will unfold, is in the big silver screen — London as a huge backdrop and a very menacing, horrible character to play against.' During a interview in March 2012, co-creator Neil Cross revealed that plans were being made for a Luther film that would begin production at the conclusion of the third series, the show's last. In May 2012, Elba stated in an interview that the third series would serve as the for the planned film. Neil Cross previously had confirmed there would not be a fourth series but did not rule out the possibility of a feature film.

In September 2012, Cross announced that he was in the process of creating a of Luther centred around the character, starring. Cross stated, 'The BBC is very interested in the project.

The only real question would be how many and how often we would do it - whether it would be a one-off miniseries or a returning miniseries, a co-production or not.' In August 2014, in an interview with TVLine at the 2014 66th Primetime Emmy Awards and Zap2It while promoting his movie (2014), Idris Elba promised that 'the series isn't over', which kept the possibility for future series or a feature film of Luther open.

In a September 2014 AMA, Elba addressed the possibility of future plans for Luther and said there were 'talks at the moment to figure out a way to bring more Luther back to the TV, but the focus is to try and make a film from it.' In an August 2016 Q&A session on his Twitter, Elba responded to a question about the show's future by stating that there was a 'big chance' of a new fifth series of Luther. In June 2017, Idris announced that Luther would be returning for a fifth series, filming is due to commence at the start of 2018. Critical reception [ ] Series one was met with positive reviews, according to aggregate review site, where it holds a 95% approval rating, based on 19 reviews. The site's consensus reads: 'Gritty and ambiguous, Luther is a captivating drama bolstered by a powerhouse performance from Idris Elba in the title role.' It holds a score of 82 out of 100, based on 11 collected reviews, indicating 'universal acclaim'. However, 's Stuart Heritage was initially critical of the show, and compared it to the American series, in that both series arrived with a large amount of hype but delivered an anticlimactic end product.

However, by the fifth episode, Heritage had changed his views and called it Idris Elba's best work since. The show's second series was met with equally positive reviews and holds a 100% approval rating on, based on 12 reviews. The site's consensus reads: 'Luther delves into darker territory in its second series, and Idris Elba's outstanding performance makes this a police procedural of uncommon weight and heft.' It holds a score of 78 out of 100, based on 9 collected reviews, indicating 'Generally favorable reviews.' And admiringly highlighted the darker tone, Elba's performance, and the production. In the third quarter of 2011, the top-rated shows on were,, and Luther, which together gained the network its highest quarterly ratings ever. Series three was again met with positive reviews and holds an 84% approval rating on, based on 19 reviews.

It holds a score of 76 out of 100, based on 19 collected reviews, indicating 'Generally favorable reviews'. Series four received positive reviews, with a 79% approval rating on, based on 14 reviews. It holds a score of 68 out of 100, based on 11 reviews, indicating 'Generally favorable reviews'. However, it received far lower ratings from the Metacritic public, scoring an average of 3.6 out of 10 over 101 ratings, indicating 'Generally unfavorable reviews'. Broadcast [ ] The first series of the show premiered in on on 15 October 2010 and in the United States on two days later. The second series debuted in the United States on BBC America on 29 September 2011 and Australia on ABC1 on 24 February 2012.

The third series ran in the United States on BBC America on four consecutive nights beginning 3 September 2013. Home media [ ] The show is available on in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA. In China, the first series is available on popular VOD streaming service. [ ] Soundtrack [ ] composed Luther's soundtrack. He incorporated many pop and rock songs into the soundtrack, using these generally in the end credits. A CD titled Luther - Songs and Score From Series 1, 2 and 3 was released on 19 August 2013 and contains many of the themes and songs used in the television series. The opening theme song is a shorter version of Paradise Circus by from the album (2010) and features the voice of Hope Sandoval.

Retrieved 8 March 2015. 12 June 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2017.

• Saad, Nardine (16 January 2012)... Showtracker (blog). Retrieved 16 January 2012. 3 February 2016. My Bible Module Schlachter 2000 Bible here. Retrieved 3 February 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2013. 28 August 2010.

Retrieved 29 August 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2011. 27 August 2011.

Retrieved 2 September 2011. 27 August 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2015. Retrieved 2014-01-10.

Retrieved 19 December 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2013. • Brown, Brigid (11 June 2013).. Retrieved 4 September 2013. • Justin Harp (19 November 2014).. Retrieved 19 December 2015.

TV By The Numbers by zap2it.com. Retrieved 19 December 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015. • Lambert, David (25 September 2015)... Retrieved 21 October 2015.

Retrieved 24 October 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-03. Retrieved 19 December 2015.

• (30 April 2010).. Retrieved 19 September 2010. June 3, 2011. March 22, 2012. May 22, 2012. • Westbrook, Caroline (24 August 2013)....

Retrieved 24 August 2013. The Huffington Post. September 9, 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2014. • Elba, Idris (28 August 2016)...

Retrieved 29 August 2016. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2014-01-10. Retrieved 2014-01-10.

• Heritage, Stuart (10 May 2010)... Retrieved 19 September 2010. • Heritage, Stuart (2 June 2010)... Retrieved 19 September 2010. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2014-01-10. Retrieved 2014-01-10.

• Timberg, Scott (15 October 2011).. Retrieved 24 October 2011. • Gorman, Bill (14 October 2011)..

Retrieved 24 October 2011. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2014-01-10. Retrieved 2014-01-10. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2017-06-15.

Retrieved 2017-06-15. 15 October 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2010.

Retrieved 15 August 2013. • Hale, Mike (2 September 2013)..

The New York Times. Retrieved 4 September 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2015. Retrieved March 10, 2016. • Andreeva, Nellie.. Retrieved 2014-11-18. • Goldberg, Lesley (9 March 2015)..

The Hollywood Reporter. External links [ ] • at • on •.

Firing a A revolver is a repeating that has a revolving containing multiple and at least one for firing. Revolvers might be regarded as a type of, or as a subset of handguns, distinct from pistols, which in this case are defined as handguns with a single chamber. The revolver allows the user to fire multiple rounds without reloading after every shot, unlike older firearms. After a round is fired the is either cocked by the shooter manually or by rearward movement of the trigger to turn the next chamber in line with the barrel. Revolvers still remain popular as and off-duty handguns among officers and security guards and are still common in the American private sector as defensive and sporting/hunting firearms. Famous and iconic revolvers models include the, the, the,, the of fame, and the.

Though revolvers are usually referred to as and often are handguns, other firearms may also have a revolver. These include some models of,, and. These are different from other firearms with revolving chambers, such as -style in that revolvers typically require the hammer to be re-cocked with each shot and require manual reloading, while guns like the are driven and have a barrel for each chamber. Detail of an 8-chambered revolver (Germany c. 1580) In the, an important limiting factor was the time it took to reload the weapon after it was fired. While the user was reloading, the weapon was useless, and an adversary might be able to take advantage of the situation and kill or wound the user. Several approaches to the problem of increasing the rate of fire were developed, the earliest being multi-barrelled weapons which allowed two or more shots without reloading, referred to as pepperboxes.

Later weapons featured multiple barrels revolving along a single axis. The earliest examples of what today is called a revolver were made in Germany in the late 16th century.

These weapons featured a single barrel with a revolving cylinder holding the powder and ball. They would soon be made by many European gun-makers, in numerous designs and configurations. However, these weapons were difficult to use, complicated and prohibitively expensive to make, and as such they were not widely distributed.

Colt Paterson 2nd Belt Model In 1836, an American, patented the mechanism that led to the widespread use of the revolver, the mechanically indexing cylinder. According to Samuel Colt, he came up with the idea for the revolver while at sea, inspired by the, which had a mechanism on it, a version of which was used in his guns to rotate the cylinder by cocking the hammer. This provided a reliable and repeatable way to index each round and did away with the need to manually rotate the cylinder. Revolvers proliferated largely due to Colt's ability as a [ ]. But his influence spread in other ways as well; the build quality of 's guns became famous, and its in America and England trained several seminal generations of and other, who had great influence in other manufacturing efforts of the next half century. Early revolvers were and loaded as a: the user poured into each chamber, rammed down a bullet on top of it, then placed on the nipple at the rear of each chamber, where the would fall on it. This was similar to loading a traditional single-shot muzzle-loading pistol, except that the powder and shot could be loaded directly into the front of the cylinder rather than having to be loaded down the whole length of the barrel.

Importantly, this allowed the barrel itself to be, since the user wasn't required to force the tight fitting bullet down the barrel in order to load it (a traditional muzzle-loading pistol had a and relatively loose fitting shot, which allowed easy loading, but gave much less accuracy). When firing the next shot, the user would raise his pistol vertically as he cocked the hammer back so as to let the fragments of the burst percussion cap fall out so as to not jam the mechanism. Some of the most popular cap-and-ball revolvers were the Model,, and revolvers, all of which saw extensive use in the. Although American revolvers were the most common, European arms makers were making numerous revolvers by that time as well, many of which found their way into the hands of the American forces, including the single action Lefaucheux and and the and revolvers, which were early weapons, in spite of being muzzle-loaders. A Smith & Wesson Model 1, 2nd Issue. This is a two patent date variety shown next to a period box of.22 short black powder cartridges.

In 1854, Eugene Lefaucheux introduced the Lefaucheux Model 1854, the first revolver to use self-contained rather than loose,, and. It is a, revolver holding six rounds. On November 17, 1856, and signed an agreement for the exclusive use of the Patent at a rate of 25 cents for every revolver. Began production late in 1857 and enjoyed years of exclusive production of rear-loading cartridge revolvers in America, due to their association with, who held the patent and vigorously defended it against any perceived infringement by other manufacturers (much as Colt had done with his original patent on the revolver).

Although White held the patent, other manufacturers were able to sell firearms using the design, provided they were willing to pay royalties. After White's patent expired in April 1869, a 3rd extension was refused. Other gun-makers were then allowed to produce their own weapons using the rear-loading method, without having to pay a royalty on each gun sold. Early guns were often conversions of earlier cap-and-ball revolvers, modified to accept metallic cartridges loaded from the rear, but later models, such as the and the, were designed from the start as cartridge revolvers.

Colt Single Action Army, serial No 5773 issued 7th Cavalry during the Indian War period. In 1873, Colt introduced the famous Model 1873, also known as the, the 'Colt.45' (not to be confused with Colt made models of the ) or simply, 'the Peacemaker', one of the most famous handguns ever made. This popular design, which was a culmination of many of the advances introduced in earlier weapons, fired 6 metallic cartridges and was offered in over 30 different calibers and various barrel lengths. It is still in production, along with numerous and lookalikes, and its overall appearance has remained the same since 1873. Although originally made for the, the Model 1873 was widely distributed and popular with civilians,,, and alike.

Its design has influenced countless other revolvers. Colt has discontinued its production twice, but brought it back due to popular demand and continues to make it to this day. The traditional single-action revolver still reigned supreme until the late 19th century.

In Europe, however, arms makers were quick to adopt the double-action trigger. While the US was producing weapons like the Model 1873, the Europeans were building double-action models like the French and the somewhat later British (Britain relied on cartridge conversions of the earlier double-action prior to this). Colt's first attempt at a double action revolver to compete with the European manufacturers was the Colt Model 1877, which earned lasting notoriety for its overly complex, expensive and fragile trigger mechanism, which in addition to failing frequently, also had a terrible trigger pull unless given the attentions of a competent gunsmith. Iconic Smith & Wesson M&P revolver In 1889, Colt introduced the, the first truly modern double action revolver, which differed from earlier double action revolvers by having a 'swing-out' cylinder, as opposed to a 'top-break' or 'side-loading' cylinder. Swing out cylinders quickly caught on, because they combined the best features of earlier designs. Top-break actions gave the ability to eject all empty shells simultaneously, and exposed all chambers for easy reloading, but having the frame hinged into two halves weakened the gun and negatively affected accuracy, due to lack of rigidity. 'Side-loaders', like the earlier Colt Model 1871 and 1873, gave a rigid frame, but required the user to eject and load one cylinder at a time, as they rotated the cylinder to line each chamber up with the side-mounted loading gate.

Smith & Wesson followed 7 years later with the 'Hand Ejector, Model 1896' in caliber, followed by the very similar, yet improved, (later known as the Model 10), which introduced the new.38 Special cartridge. The Model 10 went on to become the best selling handgun of the 20th century, at 6,000,000 units, and the is still the most popular chambering for revolvers in the world. These new guns were an improvement over the Colt 1889 design since they incorporated a combined center-pin and ejector rod to lock the cylinder in position. The 1889 did not use a center pin and the cylinder was prone to move out of alignment. Revolvers have remained popular to the present day in many areas, although in the military and law enforcement, they have largely been supplanted by magazine-fed such as the, especially in circumstances where reload time and higher cartridge capacity are deemed important.

Patents of Boston, Massachusetts patented a flintlock revolver in Britain in 1818, and significant numbers were being produced in London by 1822. The origination of this invention is in doubt, as similar designs were patented in the same year by in the United States and by in France. Submitted a British patent for his revolver in 1835 and an American patent (number 138) on February 25, 1836 for a Revolving gun, and made the first production model on March 5 of that year.

Another revolver patent was issued to Samuel Colt on August 29, 1839. The February 25, 1836 patent was then reissued as entitled Revolving gun on October 24, 1848. This was followed by on September 3, 1850 for a Revolver, and by on September 10, 1850 for a Revolver.

Was issued to for an economical device for minimizing the flash gap of a revolver between the barrel and the cylinder. In 1855, patented the bored-through cylinder entitled Improvement in revolving fire-arms. In 1856 Horace Smith & Daniel Wesson formed a partnership (S&W), developed and manufactured a revolver chambered for a self-contained metallic cartridge.

Details of a, showing the hammer, chambers for the ammunition in the cylinder, and the mechanism to rotate the cylinder. Revolver of the Gendarmerie of, on display at castle museum.

A revolver works by having several firing chambers arranged in a circle in a cylindrical block that are brought into alignment with the firing mechanism and barrel one at a time. In contrast, other repeating firearms, such as bolt-action, lever-action, pump-action, and semi-automatic, have a single firing chamber and a mechanism to load and extract cartridges into it. A single-action revolver requires the hammer to be pulled back by hand before each shot, which also revolves the cylinder. This leaves the trigger with just one 'single action' left to perform - releasing the hammer to fire the shot - so the force and distance required to pull the trigger can be minimal. In contrast, with a self-cocking revolver, one long squeeze of the trigger pulls back the hammer and revolves the cylinder, then finally fires the shot. They can generally be fired faster than a single-action, but with reduced accuracy in the hands of most shooters.

Most modern revolvers are 'traditional double-action', which means they may operate either in single-action or self-cocking mode. The accepted meaning of 'double-action' has, confusingly, come to be the same as 'self-cocking', so modern revolvers that cannot be pre-cocked are called 'double-action-only'.

These are intended for concealed carry, because the hammer of a traditional design is prone to snagging on clothes when drawn. Most revolvers do not come with, which are used for mounting and, except for the M&P R8 (), Smith & Wesson Model 325 Thunder Ranch (), and all versions of the (.357 Magnum,,, or ) except for the 2' model, respectively. However, certain revolvers, such as the and revolvers, can be fitted with accessory rails.

Advertisement for revolver claimed to be safe enough for babies to handle Most commonly, such revolvers have 5 or 6 chambers, hence the common names of 'six-gun' or 'six-shooter'. However, some revolvers have 7, 8, 9, or 10 chambers, often depending on the, and at least one revolver has 12 chambers (the Model 12/22). Each chamber has to be reloaded manually, which makes reloading a revolver a much slower procedure than reloading a semi-automatic pistol. Compared to autoloading handguns, a revolver is often much simpler to operate and may have greater reliability. For example, should a pistol fail to fire, clearing the chamber requires manually cycling the action to remove the errant round, as cycling the action normally depends on the energy of a cartridge firing. With a revolver, this is not necessary as none of the energy for cycling the revolver comes from the firing of the cartridge, but is supplied by the user either through cocking the hammer or, in a double-action design, by just squeezing the trigger. Another significant advantage of revolvers is superior ergonomics, particularly for users with small hands.

A revolver's grip does not hold a magazine, and it can be designed or customized much more than the grip of a typical semi-automatic. Partially because of these reasons, revolvers still hold significant market share as concealed carry and home-defense weapons. A revolver can be kept loaded and ready to fire without fatiguing any springs and is not very dependent on lubrication for proper firing. Additionally, in the case of double-action-only revolvers there is no risk of accidental discharge from dropping alone, as the hammer is cocked by the trigger pull. However, the revolver's clockwork-like internal parts are relatively delicate and can become misaligned after a severe impact, and its revolving cylinder can become jammed by excessive dirt or debris.

Over the long period of development of the revolver, many calibers have been used. Some of these have proved more durable during periods of standardization and some have entered general public awareness. Among these are the, a caliber popular for target shooting and teaching novice shooters; and, known for police use; the, famous from 's ' films; and the, used in the Colt revolver of the. Introduced in 2003, the is one of the most powerful revolvers, utilizing the cartridge. Because the rounds in a revolver are on the rim, some revolvers are capable of chambering more than one type of ammunition. The.44 Magnum round will chamber the shorter.44 Special and shorter, likewise the.357 Magnum will safely chamber.38 Special and.

In 1996 a revolver known as the Medusa M47 was made that could chamber 25 different cartridges with bullet diameters between.355' and.357'. LeMat Revolver, an unusual pinfire cartridge model Revolver technology lives on in other weapons used by the military.

Some and use mechanisms similar to revolvers, and some use spring-loaded cylinders holding up to 12 rounds. In addition to serving as backup guns, revolvers still fill the specialized niche role as a shield gun; law enforcement personnel using a 'bulletproof' sometimes opt for a revolver instead of a self-loading pistol, because the slide of a pistol may strike the front of the shield when fired. Revolvers do not suffer from this disadvantage. A second revolver may be secured behind the shield to provide a quick means of continuity of fire. Many police also still use revolvers as their duty weapon due to their relative mechanical simplicity and user friendliness. With the advancement of technology and design in 2010 major revolver manufacturers are coming out with polymer frame revolvers like the, Bodyguard 38, and Protector Polymer. The new innovative design incorporates advanced polymer technology that lowers weight significantly, helps absorbs recoil, and strong enough to handle and loads.

The polymer is only used on the lower frame and joined to a metal alloy upper frame, barrel, and cylinder. Polymer technology is considered one of the major advancements in revolver history because the frame has always been metal alloy and mostly one piece frame design. Another recent development in revolver technology is the, a revolver introduced by Italian manufacturer in 2009 and first sold in the U.S. The Rhino, built with the U.S.

Concealed carry market in mind, is designed so that the bullet fires from the bottom chamber of the cylinder instead of the top chamber as in standard revolvers. This is intended to reduce, allowing for faster and more accurate repeat shots.

In addition, the cylinder cross-section is hexagonal instead of circular, further reducing the weapon's profile. Loading and unloading Front loading The first revolvers were front loading (also referred to as ), and were a bit like in that the powder and bullet were loaded separately. These were or 'cap and ball' revolvers, because the caplock method of priming was the first to be compact enough to make a practical revolver feasible. When loading, each chamber in the cylinder was rotated out of line with the barrel, and charged from the front with loose powder and an oversized bullet. Next, the chamber was aligned with the ramming lever underneath the barrel. Pulling the lever would drive a into the chamber, pushing the ball securely in place. Finally, the user would place on the nipples on the rear face of the cylinder.

After each shot, a user was advised to raise his revolver vertically while cocking back the hammer so as to allow the fragments of the spent percussion cap to fall out safely. Otherwise, the fragments could fall into the revolver's mechanism and jam it. Caplock revolvers were vulnerable to 'chain fires', wherein hot gas from a shot ignited the powder in the other chambers. This could be prevented by sealing the chambers with cotton, wax, or grease. Loading a cylinder in this manner was a slow and awkward process and generally could not be done in the midst of battle. Some soldiers solved this by carrying multiple revolvers in the field.

Another solution was to use a revolver with a detachable cylinder design. These revolvers allowed the shooter to quickly remove a cylinder and replace it with a full one. A fixed-cylinder with gate open for loading In many of the first generation of cartridge revolvers (especially those that were converted after manufacture), the base pin on which the cylinder revolved was removed, and the cylinder taken from the revolver for loading. Most revolvers using this method of loading are single-action revolvers, although produced double-action models with removable cylinders. The removable-cylinder design is employed in some modern 'micro-revolvers' (usually in ), in order to simplify their design. These weapons are small enough to fit in the palm of the hand. Later single-action revolver models with a fixed cylinder used a loading gate at the rear of the cylinder that allowed insertion of one cartridge at a time for loading, while a rod under the barrel could be pressed rearward to eject the fired case.

The loading gate on the original Colt designs (and on nearly all single-action revolvers since, such as the famous ) is on the right side, which was done to facilitate loading while on horseback; with the revolver held in the left hand with the reins of the horse, the cartridges can be ejected and loaded with the right hand. Because the cylinders in these types of revolvers are firmly attached at the front and rear of the frame, and the frame is typically full thickness all the way around, fixed cylinder revolvers are inherently strong designs. Accordingly, many modern large caliber hunting revolvers tend to be based on the fixed cylinder design. Fixed cylinder revolvers can fire the strongest and most powerful cartridges, but at the price of being the slowest to load and reload and they cannot use speedloaders or moon clips for loading, as only one chamber is exposed at a time to the loading gate. An top-break revolver In a revolver, the frame is hinged at the bottom front of the cylinder. Releasing the lock and pushing the barrel down exposes the rear face of the cylinder.

In most top-break revolvers, this act also operates an extractor that pushes the cartridges in the chambers back far enough that they will fall free, or can be removed easily. Fresh rounds are then inserted into the cylinder. The barrel and cylinder are then rotated back and locked in place, and the revolver is ready to fire.

Top break revolvers can be loaded more rapidly than fixed-frame revolvers, especially with the aid of a. However, this design is much weaker and cannot handle high pressure rounds.

While this design is mostly obsolete today, supplanted by the stronger yet equally convenient swing-out design, manufacturers have begun making reproductions of late 19th century designs for use in. The most commonly found top-break revolvers were manufactured by Smith & Wesson, Webley & Scott, Iver Johnson, Harrington & Richardson, Manhattan Fire Arms, and.

Smith & Wesson Model 1 Third Issue open The tip-up was the first revolver design for use with metallic cartridges in the, on which the barrel pivoted upwards, hinged on the forward end of the topstrap. On the S & W tip-up revolvers, the barrel release catch is located on both sides of the frame in front of the trigger. Smith & Wesson discontinued it in the third series of the but it was fairly widely used in Europe in the 19th century, after a patent by in 1870, which also included an ejector.

Swing out cylinder. A swing-out cylinder revolver. The most modern method of loading and unloading a revolver is by means of the swing out cylinder. The cylinder is mounted on a pivot that is parallel to the chambers, and the cylinder swings out and down (to the left in most cases). An extractor is fitted, operated by a rod projecting from the front of the cylinder assembly. When pressed, it will push all fired rounds free simultaneously (as in top break models, the travel is designed to not completely extract longer, unfired rounds). The cylinder may then be loaded, singly or again with a, closed, and latched in place.

The pivoting part that supports the cylinder is called the crane; it is the weak point of swing-out cylinder designs. Using the method often portrayed in movies and television of flipping the cylinder open and closed with a flick of the wrist can in fact cause the crane to bend over time, throwing the cylinder out of alignment with the barrel. Lack of alignment between chamber and barrel is a dangerous condition, as it can impede the bullet's transition from chamber to barrel. This gives rise to higher pressures in the chamber, bullet damage, and the potential for an explosion if the bullet becomes stuck. The shock of firing can exert a great deal of stress on the crane, as in most designs the cylinder is only held closed at one point, the rear of the cylinder. Stronger designs, such as the, use a lock in the crane as well as the lock at the rear of the cylinder. This latch provides a more secure bond between cylinder and frame, and allows the use of larger, more powerful cartridges.

Swing out cylinders are rather strong, but not as strong as fixed cylinders, and great care must be taken with the cylinder when loading, so as not to damage the crane. Other designs One unique design was designed by in which the barrel and cylinder assembly were rotated 90° and pulled forward to eject shells from the cylinder.

Action Single-action. From Top: Replica of 1849 vintage..44 Colt Revolving Holster Pistol (Dragoon); Colt Single Action Army Model 1873; Ruger (New Model) Super Blackhawk- Mid and late 20th Century.

In a single-action revolver, the hammer is manually cocked, usually with the thumb of the firing or supporting hand. This action advances the cylinder to the next round and locks the cylinder in place with the chamber aligned with the barrel. The trigger, when pulled, releases the hammer, which fires the round in the chamber. To fire again, the hammer must be manually cocked again.

This is called 'single-action' because the trigger only performs a single action, of releasing the hammer. Because only a single action is performed and trigger pull is lightened, firing a revolver in this way allows most shooters to achieve greater accuracy.

Additionally, the need to cock the hammer manually acts as a safety. The Revolver, the, the and the pistol of the American Frontier era are all good examples of this system. .44 Magnum double-action revolver In double-action (DA), the stroke of the trigger pull generates two actions: • The hammer is pulled back to the cocked position which also the cylinder to the next round.

• The hammer is released to strike the. Thus, DA means that a cocking action separate from the trigger pull is unnecessary; every trigger pull will result in a complete cycle. This allows uncocked carry, while also allowing draw-and-fire using only the trigger. A longer and harder trigger stroke is the trade-off. However, this drawback can also be viewed as a safety feature, as the gun is safer against accidental discharges from being dropped. Most double-action revolvers may be fired in two ways. • The first way is single-action; that is, exactly the same as a single-action revolver; the hammer is cocked with the thumb, which indexes the cylinder, and when the trigger is pulled, the hammer is tripped.

• The second way is double-action, or from a hammer-down position. In this case, the trigger first cocks the hammer and revolves the cylinder, then trips the hammer at the rear of the trigger stroke, firing the round in the chamber.

2 Mk I* double-action-only revolver. Note the spurless hammer. Certain revolvers, called double-action-only (DAO) or, more correctly but less commonly, self-cocking, lack the latch that enables the hammer to be locked to the rear, and thus can only be fired in the double-action mode. With no way to lock the hammer back, DAO designs tend to have bobbed or spurless hammers, and may even have the hammer completely covered by the revolver's frame (i.e., shrouded or hooded). These are generally intended for concealed carrying, where a hammer spur could snag when the revolver is drawn. The potential reduction in accuracy in aimed fire is offset by the increased capability for concealment.

DA and DAO revolvers were the standard-issue sidearm of countless police departments for many decades. Only in the 1990s did the semiautomatic pistol begin to make serious inroads after the advent of.

The reasons for these choices are the modes of carry and use. Double action is good for high-stress situations because it allows a mode of carry in which 'draw and pull the trigger' is the only requirement—no safety catch release nor separate cocking stroke is required. Other In the cap-and-ball days of the mid 19th century, two revolver models, the English and the American Savage 'Figure Eight', used a method whereby the hammer was cocked by the shooter’s middle finger pulling on a second trigger below the main trigger.

Made an unusual model from 1940 to 1947, called the Trigger Cocking Double Action. If the hammer was down, pulling the trigger would cock the hammer. If the trigger was pulled with the hammer cocked, it would then fire. This meant that to fire the revolver from a hammer down state, the trigger must be pulled twice. 3D printed revolver. The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a of the subject.

You may, discuss the issue on the, or, as appropriate. (February 2015) () The is a 3D printed.38 Revolver made public in May 2014. It was created using an $500 plastic 3D-printer used, the name of the printer was not revealed by the creator. It was created by a Japanese citizen from named Yoshitomo Imura He was arrested in May 2014 after he had posted a video online of himself firing a 3D printed Zig Zag revolver. It is the first 3D printed Japanese gun in the world which can discharge live cartridges. Use with suppressors As a general rule, revolvers cannot be effective with a ('silencer'), as there is usually a small gap between the revolving cylinder and the barrel which a bullet must traverse or jump when fired. From this opening, a rather loud report is produced.

A suppressor can only suppress noise coming from the muzzle. A suppressible revolver design does exist in the, a Belgian designed revolver used by Imperial Russia and later the Soviet Union from 1895 through. This revolver uses a unique cartridge whose case extends beyond the tip of the bullet, and a cylinder that moves forward to place the end of the cartridge inside the barrel when ready to fire. This bridges the gap between the cylinder and the barrel, and expands to seal the gap when fired. While the tiny gap between cylinder and barrel on most revolvers is insignificant to the, the seal is especially effective when used with a suppressor, and a number of suppressed Nagant revolvers have been used since its invention.

There is a modern revolver of Russian design, the, which uses ammunition that incorporates the silencing mechanism into the cartridge case, making the gap between cylinder and barrel irrelevant as far as the suppression issue is concerned. The OTs-38 does need an unusually close and precise fit between the cylinder and barrel due to the shape of bullet in the special ammunition (Soviet SP-4), which was originally designed for use in a semi-automatic. Additionally, the US Military experimented with designing a special version of the for, called the or QSPR. Using special.40 caliber ammunition, it never entered official service. Automatic revolvers.

Main article: The term 'automatic revolver' has two different meanings, the first being used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when 'automatic' referred not to the operational mechanism of firing, but of extraction and ejection of spent casings. An 'automatic revolver' in this context is one which extracts empty fired cases 'automatically,' i.e., upon breaking open the action, rather than requiring manual extraction of each case individually with a sliding rod or pin (as in the Colt Single Action Army design).

This term was widely used in the advertising of the period as a way to distinguish such revolvers from the far more common rod-extraction types. In the second sense, 'automatic revolver' refers to the mechanism of firing rather than extraction. Double-action revolvers use a long trigger pull to cock the hammer, thus negating the need to manually cock the hammer between shots. The disadvantage of this is that the long, heavy pull cocking the hammer makes the double-action revolver much harder to shoot accurately than a single-action revolver (although cocking the hammer of a double-action reduces the length and weight of the trigger pull). A rare class of revolvers, called automatic for its firing design, attempts to overcome this restriction, giving the high speed of a double-action with the trigger effort of a single-action.

The is the most famous commercial example. It was recoil-operated, and the cylinder and barrel recoiled backwards to cock the hammer and revolve the cylinder. Cam grooves were milled on the outside of the cylinder to provide a means of advancing to the next chamber—half a turn as the cylinder moved back, and half a turn as it moved forward..38 caliber versions held eight shots,.455 caliber versions six. At the time, the few available automatic pistols were larger, less reliable, and more expensive. The automatic revolver was popular when it first came out, but was quickly superseded by the creation of reliable, inexpensive. In 1997, the company developed a type of recoil-operated automatic revolver, commercially named the, which uses the recoil energy to auto-rotate a normal revolver cylinder holding six or seven cartridges, depending on the model. The company has made several versions of its Autorevolver, including longer-barrelled and carbine variations, chambered for, and.

The is a based on a similar mechanism to an automatic revolver. It uses a action to move the barrel forward (which unlocks it from the cylinder) and then rotate the cylinder and cock the hammer. Revolving long guns.

Circuit Judge carbine. Revolvers were not limited to handguns and as a longer barrelled arm is more useful in military applications than a sidearm, the idea was applied to both rifles and shotguns throughout the history of the revolver mechanism with mixed degrees of success.

Rifles Revolving rifles were an attempt to increase the rate of fire of rifles by combining them with the revolving firing mechanism that had been developed earlier for revolving pistols. Colt began experimenting with revolving rifles in the early 19th century, making them in a variety of calibers and barrel lengths. Were the first repeating rifles adopted by the U.S. Government, but they had their problems. They were officially given to soldiers because of their rate of fire. But after firing six shots, the shooter had to take an excessive amount of time to reload.

Also, on occasion Colt rifles discharged all their rounds at once, endangering the shooter. Even so, an early model was used in the in 1838.

During the Civil War a LeMat Carbine was made based on the. Shotguns Colt briefly manufactured several revolving that were met with mixed success. The was manufactured between 1839 and 1841. Later, the Colt Model 1855 Shotgun, based on the, was manufactured between 1860 and 1863. Because of their low production numbers and age they are among the rarest of all Colt firearms.

The was a modern take on the revolving shotgun that held 10 rounds of 12 Gauge ammunition in its cylinder. It was copied by as the Streetsweeper.

Taurus manufactures a carbine variant of the revolver along with its Australian partner company, known as the Taurus/Rossi Circuit Judge. It comes in the original combination chambering of and, as well as the chambering. The rifle has small blast shields attached to the cylinder to protect the shooter from hot gases escaping between the cylinder and barrel. Six gun A Six Gun is a revolver that holds six cartridges. The cylinder in a six gun is often called a 'wheel', and the six gun is itself often called a 'wheel gun'. Although a 'Six Gun' can refer to any six-chambered revolver, it is typically a reference to the, or its modern look-alikes such as the and. Until the 1970s, when older-design revolvers such as Colt Single Action Armys and were re-engineered with (such as,, or ) that prevent the firing pin from contacting the cartridge's unless the trigger is pulled, safe carry required the hammer being positioned over an empty chamber, reducing the available cartridges from six to five, or, on some models, in between chambers on either a pin or in a groove for that purpose, thus keeping the full six rounds available.

This kept the uncocked hammer from resting directly on the primer of a cartridge. If not used in this manner, the hammer rests directly on a primer and unintentional firing may occur if the gun is dropped or the hammer is struck.

Some holster makers provided a thick leather thong to place underneath the hammer that both allowed the carry of a gun fully loaded with all six rounds and secured the gun in the holster to help prevent its accidental loss. Six guns are used commonly by enthusiasts in shooting competitions, designed to mimic the gunfights of the Old West, and for general target shooting, hunting and personal defense. Notable brands and manufacturers. • Morgan, Michael (2014)..

Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. • • Tucker, Spencer C.; White, William E. • ^ Fadala, Sam (1 December 2003).. Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications Craft. • Houze, Herbert G.; Cooper, Carolyn C.; Kornhauser, Elizabeth Mankin (2006). Samuel Colt: Arms, Art, and Invention.

Yale University Press. • ^ Flayderman, Norm (2001). Flayderman's Guide to Antique American Firearms.

And their values. Iola, WI: Krause Publications. • Jinks, Roy G.; Sandra C.

Krein (2006). Smith & Wesson Images of America. Arcadia Publishing. • Sapp, Rick (2007). Standard Catalog of Colt Firearms. Iola, WI: Gun Digest Books. • ^ Kinard, Jeff (2004).

Pistols: An Illustrated History of Their Impact. • ^ Cutshaw, Charles Q. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. • Pauly, Roger A.; Pauly, Roger (2004)..

Greenwood Publishing Group. • Group, Diagram (2007).. New York: St. Martin's Press.

• Gibby, Darin (2011).. New York: Morgan James Publishing. • Cumpston, Mike (2005).. • ^ Tilstone, William J.; Savage, Kathleen A.; Clark, Leigh A.

(1 January 2006).. • Eckstine, Roger (2013).. Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated.

• Supica, Jim; Nahas, Richard (2007).. Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. • ^ Shideler, Dan (2010).. Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. (Iola, Wisconsin ed.). Gun Digest Books. • ^ Campbell, Robert K.

Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. Dell Vista Upgrade Windows 7 Free Download Programs. • Shideler, Dan (7 August 2011). Gun Digest 2012.

Iola: Gun Digest Books. Salmon, Idaho: Wolfe Publishing Company. • Shideler, Dan (2011).. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. • Shideler, Dan (26 June 2009).. Iola: Gun Digest Books. Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated.

• Taylor, Chuck (2009-08-29).. Retrieved 2009-09-16.

• ^ Ahern, Jerry (2010).. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. • Chicoine, David (2005).. Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. • Chun, Clayton (2013).. Osprey Publishing. • Ramage, Ken; Sigler, Derrek (2008)..

Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. Retrieved 2007-11-13. • Radielovic, Marko; Prasac, Max (2012).. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. Kevin Michalowski, ed..

Gun Digest Books. The complete illustrated encyclopedia of the world's firearms.

A & W Publishers. • Rick, Sindeband.. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. Fjestad (1992). Blue Book of Gun Values, 13th Ed. Blue Book Publications, Inc..

• ^, 3D Print, September 10, 2014. () • ^, Tech Crunch, May 8, 2014. () • M.D., Vincent J.M. DiMaio, (1998).. Retrieved 2009-09-16. Modern Firearms.

Retrieved 2009-09-16. • Popenker, Max R. ' ',, Retrieved 2010-04-05 • Boorman, Dean K. (1 December 2002).. Globe Pequot Press. • Kinard, Jeff (2004)..

• Shideler, Dan (2011).. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. • Bishop, Chris (2006).

The Encyclopedia of Weapons: From World War II to the Present Day. San Diego, California: Thunder Bay Press. • Troiani, Don; Kochan, James L.; Coates, Earl J.; James Kochan (1998)..

Stackpole Books. • Coggins, Jack (2012)..

Courier Dover Publications. • Dizard, Jan E.; Muth, Robert M.; Andrews, Stephen P. New York: NYU Press. • Shideler, Dan (10 May 2011).. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. • Sapp, Rick (2007).. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books.

Pp. 198, 209.. • Jones, Richard D.; White, Andrew (27 May 2008)..

• Muramatsu, Kevin (2013).. Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. • Smith, Clint (September 2004).. Guns Magazine.

Archived from on 2012-07-09. Retrieved 17 September 2010. • Gromer, Cliff (August 2002). 'New Guns of the Old West'. Popular Mechanics: 86–89. access-date= requires url= () • Handloader Ammunition Reloading Journal, August 2009 edition in the 'From the Hip' article by Brian Pearce. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to. • — Revolving gun • — Improvement in firearms • — Revolver • — Revolver.